The Paris agreement reminds us that 2030 is the critical year  by which global CO2 emissions must have been reduced by 45 percent to avoid the irreversible consequences of climate change.

Earlier this year the United Nations stated that emissions need to have peaked by 2025, be reduced by 43 percent by 2030, and be at net zero by 2050.

Commitments made by countries of Mother Earth so far will reduce emissions by only 7 percent from 2019 levels by 2030.  (See Loss and Damage by Tina Gerhardt, the Nation, current edition. )

Saudi Arabia and other OPEC oil producers are discussing an output increase of up to 500,000 barrels a day, the group’s delegates said:  WSJ News per Dr. Rex.